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Things to Know when Considering Multi-Tenant or Multi-Threaded Applications

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It’s time to talk about the types of things you should consider when diving into multi-tenant applications and things to be especially aware of if you attempt to make things faster by going multi-threaded at the same time. Join us as Allen continues is non-winning / non-losing streak, JZ is taken out by a storm, and Outlaw continues to ignore the notes for the intro to the show…

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Episode

  • Single vs multi-tenanted applications and multi-threaded programming
    • Be very careful about sharing state when doing anything in multi-threaded AND multi-tenanted applications

What are some important things to consider when writing multi-tenanted applications – per Claude

As mentioned in the episode, Claude’s answers seem to be very database heavy

  • Data isolation: Ensure that each tenant’s data is securely separated and inaccessible to other tenants.
  • Authentication and authorization: Implement robust systems to verify tenant identity and control access to resources.
  • Scalability: Design the architecture to handle growth in both the number of tenants and data volume per tenant.
  • Performance: Optimize database queries and resource allocation to maintain speed as tenant count increases.
  • Customization: Allow for tenant-specific configurations and features without compromising the core codebase.
  • Monitoring and logging: Implement comprehensive logging and monitoring to track usage, errors, and performance per tenant.
  • Maintenance and updates: Design the system to allow for updates and maintenance with minimal disruption to tenants.
  • Data backup and recovery: Implement tenant-specific backup and recovery processes.
  • Compliance and data regulations: Ensure the system can meet various regulatory requirements that may differ by tenant.
  • Tenant onboarding and offboarding: Create efficient processes for adding new tenants and removing old ones.
  • Good feature flagging support?
  • Tracing / OpenTelemetry

Can you elaborate on the data isolation?
Data isolation is crucial in multi-tenant systems to prevent unauthorized access and ensure data privacy. Here are some key strategies to ensure data isolation:

  • Separate databases
    • Use a separate database for each tenant
      • Pros: Strong isolation, easier compliance
      • Cons: Higher maintenance, potentially higher costs
  • Shared database with separate schemas
    • Each tenant gets their own schema within a shared database
      • Pros: Good isolation, more cost-effective than separate databases
      • Cons: Requires careful access control, potential for errors
  • Shared schema with tenant ID
    • Use a single schema but include a tenant ID column in each table
      • Pros: Most cost-effective, easiest to maintain
      • Cons: Highest risk of data leaks, requires vigilant query filtering
  • Row-level security
    • Implement database-level security policies to restrict access based on tenant ID
    • Particularly useful with shared schema approach
  • Encryption
    • Encrypt sensitive data, potentially using tenant-specific keys
    • Adds an extra layer of protection even if other measures fail
  • Connection pooling
    • Use separate connection pools for each tenant to prevent session mixups
  • Query filtering
    • Always include tenant ID in queries, preferably at the database level
    • Use ORMs or query builders that automatically add tenant filters
  • API and application-level checks
    • Validate tenant ID in all API calls and application logic
    • Implement middleware to enforce tenant-specific access

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